Aikido is a martial art that uses redirection of force and motion to control an opponent without physical clash. Aikido techniques consist of throwings, joint locks, and pins, as well as training with staff (jo), bokken or ken (sword) and tanto (knife). It is also an art of meditation and spiritual harmony.
The founder of aikido was Morihei Ueshiba (1883-1969). He began studying various unarmed combat systems (jujutsu) in 1897 and developed his own style called Aikido. He was dissatisfied with the ideal of winning by killing and sought to develop a martial art that would harmonize with nature.
This led to the development of aikido’s core principles. Harmony out of violence, order out of chaos, are ethical strategies that work in accord with the fundamental values of budo (martial ways). They are not merely strategies for destroying oneself or others; they seek to transform the world and make peace.
These ethics of aikido are reflected in the training methodology of aikido, which is centered around the idea of blending with energy and overcoming conflict by using yielding and redirection. The relationship of uke (student) and tori (teacher) is important in aikido training. Uke must learn to become calm and flexible in the disadvantageous, off-balance positions that tori places them in, while tori must develop techniques which allow him/her to blend with the attacking energy. This is called aikitaiso (reciprocating technique). Ueshiba emphasized the idea of loving oneself, one’s teacher, and one’s art – in other words, “loving for love’s sake”. This is the spirit of aikido.